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Ritalin (Methylphenidate) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It helps increase attention, focus, and impulse control in people with ADHD and promotes wakefulness in those with narcolepsy. Here’s an overview:
How Ritalin Works:
Ritalin affects the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals play a key role in attention, motivation, and movement, and by increasing their availability, Ritalin improves focus and attention.
Dosage Forms:
- Tablets: Immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER).
- Liquid: For those who may have trouble swallowing pills.
- Extended-release capsules: These provide a longer duration of action, usually up to 12 hours.
Uses:
- ADHD: Ritalin is primarily used to reduce symptoms like hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattentiveness.
- Narcolepsy: It helps control excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Dosage:
- The dosage depends on age, condition, and response to treatment.
- For ADHD, it’s usually started at a low dose and gradually increased.
- Immediate-release Ritalin typically lasts 3–4 hours, while extended-release forms can last between 8–12 hours.
Common Side Effects:
- Nervousness
- Insomnia
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Increased heart rate
- Headache
- Weight loss
Precautions:
- It should be used cautiously in people with a history of heart problems, high blood pressure, or anxiety disorders.
- Long-term use may lead to dependence or abuse, so it’s classified as a Schedule II controlled substance.
Contraindications:
- People with severe anxiety, agitation, or glaucoma should avoid Ritalin.
- It should not be used in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
Interactions:
- Ritalin can interact with other medications, especially antidepressants and blood pressure medications, which can affect how well the drug works or increase the risk of side effects