Neuropathic pain in adults is a complex, chronic pain condition resulting from nerve damage or dysfunction within the nervous system. Unlike nociceptive pain, which arises from tissue injury or inflammation, neuropathic pain originates from abnormal nerve signaling. It is often described as burning, stabbing, tingling, or electric shock-like sensations, significantly impairing quality of life. This condition can result from a variety of underlying causes, including diabetes mellitus (diabetic peripheral neuropathy), shingles (postherpetic neuralgia), multiple sclerosis, traumatic injuries, chemotherapy, and certain infections. The management of neuropathic pain involves a multifaceted approach, but pharmacological treatment remains a cornerstone for many patients.
Due to its complex nature, selecting effective medications requires a thorough understanding of the different classes of drugs, their mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and individual patient considerations. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the top 5 medications for neuropathic pain in adults, supported by the latest clinical evidence.
